Today, telephone calls and data transmission are a common and everyday occurrence. But how does all this actually work?

To use our smart phones while on the go, we need technology and base stations. Simply put, smart phones are a radio connection to the nearest base station. Their antennas pick up the signals and send them to the radio exchange. The signal is further transmitted through our network to the required connection or the Internet.

If the receiver is also mobile, the returned call comes from a fixed network via a radio exchange and the nearest base station to the smart phone. Each base station can support a certain number of calls and transmit a certain amount of data at the same time. It provides the so-called radio cells that serve a specific area. Radio cells come in different sizes depending on the number of users and the frequency of the mobile phone.

More and more people are telephoning or sharing data in smaller areas within cities, so there are more base stations with smaller radio cells to achieve optimal coverage. This usually happens in places where there is heavy public traffic, such as: pedestrian zones, railway stations or bus stops.

Therefore, the so-called small cells are increasingly being built in such places. They have a small bandwidth, but complement the existing mobile network and provide additional network capacity.

So far, 4G or LTE technology has been the best technology in terms of data transmission speed. However, with the development of 5G technology, data will be able to be transmitted at a much higher speed. In the future, real-time applications will be able to be used over longer distances.

The Internet of Things, video streaming and online gaming have so far been made possible by 4G. With 5G technology we will get much more, such as: networked industry, AR applications and autonomous driving.

Another advantage will be that 5G antennas will be able to communicate more accurately:

instead of broadcasting in all directions, 5G will provide targeted broadcasting to one or a group of users. This will save energy and significantly increase the capacity of the radio station. In addition: mobile antennas and terminals will always operate at the lowest possible power to maintain the connection. Therefore, the more widespread the mobile network, the lower the signal transmission rate.

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